Background
Lay-off, retrenchment, and closure under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, as operationalized through the Industrial Relation (Uttar Pradesh) Rules, 2021, establish a structured process for managing workforce reductions in industrial establishments. The framework ensures fairness by prescribing notice requirements, compensation norms, and prior approvals where applicable. These provisions aim to balance managerial flexibility with worker protection, promoting orderly handling of employment changes and minimizing industrial disputes.
Applicability
The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 applies uniformly across India, including Uttar Pradesh, from the date it was brought into force by the Central Government. In UP, the IR Code applies to all Establishment employing 300 or more workmen on an average per working day for preceding 12 months and Closure of Establishment covered under Chapter-X of Industrial Relation (UP) Rules, 2021.
Compliance Requirements under the Rules in Accordance with the Code
Workers on the muster rolls (except badli or casual workers) of an industrial establishment cannot be laid off without prior government permission, except in cases of fire, flood, excess inflammable gas, or explosion in a mine, shortage of power or natural calamity.
No worker employed in industrial establishment employing 300 or more workers (est. not of seasonal nature/intermittent work), who has been in continuous service for not less than a year shall be retrenched by employer unless he has been given 3 month’s notice in writing with reason for retrenchment
Applicable on Establishment employing 300 or more workmen on an average per working day for preceding12 months & engaged in industries which are not seasonal /with intermittent work
The employer shall apply for permission under section 78(1) in FORM-XXXIII, stating reasons for the proposed lay-off. A copy must be sent to the concerned worker by registered/speed post and electronically, and also displayed prominently on the notice board or electronic board at the main entrance.
No worker (other than a badli worker or a casual worker) whose name is borne on the muster rolls of an industrial establishment to which this Chapter applies shall be laid-off by his employer except with the prior permission of the appropriate Government, obtained on an application made in this behalf, unless such lay-off is due to shortage of power, natural calamity, and in the case of a mine, such lay-off is due to fire, flood, excess of inflammable gas or explosion.
The employer must apply for permission of retrenchment in Form-XIII stating reasons electronically & send a copy to workers via email and registered/speed post, and display it on the notice board or electronic board at the main entrance of the industrial establishment.
The prior permission of the appropriate Government has been obtained on an application made in this behalf. An application for permission under sub-section (1) shall be made by the employer electronically or otherwise in the prescribed manner stating clearly the reasons for the intended retrenchment and a copy of such application shall also be served simultaneously on the workers concerned in such manner as may be prescribed.
An employer who intends to close down an undertaking of an industrial establishment to which this Chapter applies shall, electronically or otherwise, apply in such manner as may be prescribed, for prior permission at least 90 days before the date on which the intended closure is to become effective, to the appropriate Government, stating clearly the reasons for the intended closure of the undertaking and a copy of such application shall also be served simultaneously on the representatives of the workers in such manner as may be prescribed: Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to an undertaking set up for the construction of buildings, bridges, roads, canals, dams or for other construction work.
Penalty & Punishment
U/s 86: An employer who contravenes the provisions of section 78 or section 79 or section 80 shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees, but which may extend to ten lakh rupees.
For subsequent offence, he shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than five lakh rupees, but which may extend up to twenty lakh rupees or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with both
As per Section 86(20): Any person who contravenes any other provision of this Code not covered under sub-sections (1) to (19) or the rules or regulations framed under this Code shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees
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