Background
The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 was enacted to regulate the employment of women during and after pregnancy, ensuring they receive adequate rest, financial security, and protection from workplace discrimination. It mandates paid maternity leave, medical bonuses, nursing breaks, and prohibits dismissal during maternity-related absence. To operationalize this Act in Gujarat, the Gujarat Maternity Benefit Rules were introduced. These rules prescribe the forms, registers, muster rolls, payment procedures, preservation of records, display of abstracts, and other state-specific compliance mechanisms. Together, the Act and the Rules provide a detailed framework that safeguards maternal health, promotes workplace equality, and sets out obligations for employers.
Applicability
These rules apply to:
Compliance requirements under the Rules in accordance with the Act
The employer of every establishment in which women are employed shall prepare and maintain a muster roll in Form A and shall enter particulars of all women workers in the establishment. All entries must be in ink, updated regularly, and available for inspection during working hours.
Payment of maternity benefit and any other amount due under the Act shall be made by the employer to the woman concerned or her nominee/legal representative. A receipt must be obtained by the employer in Form F from the person receiving payment.
The medical bonus shall be paid along with the second instalment of maternity benefits.
If a woman entitled to maternity benefit dies before receiving it, payment shall be made to her nominee or, if none, to her legal representative. Such payment must be made within two months of her death.
In case of miscarriage or medical termination of pregnancy, a woman shall be entitled to six weeks’ leave with wages at the rate of maternity benefit, on production of proof in Form C or Form E.
A woman suffering from illness arising out of pregnancy, delivery, miscarriage, medical termination of pregnancy, premature birth of child, or tubectomy operation shall be entitled to up to one month’s leave with wages, on production of proof in Form C. Wages must be paid within 48 hours of expiry of the leave period.
Every woman delivered of a child who returns to duty shall be allowed two breaks of the prescribed duration daily for nursing the child until the child is 15 months old.
Records kept under the Act and Rules must be preserved for two years from their preparation.
Every female employee must be informed in writing or electronically at the time of appointment regarding all maternity benefits available under the Act.
Every woman is entitled to maternity benefit at the rate of her average daily wage for her absence during the period before delivery, the actual day of delivery, and the period immediately after.
A woman must have worked at least 80 days in the 12 months preceding expected delivery to qualify for maternity benefit. For this purpose, days of lay-off or statutory holidays with wages are also counted.
The maximum entitlement is 26 weeks, of which up to 8 weeks can precede delivery. For women with two or more surviving children, entitlement is 12 weeks (6 weeks pre-delivery). In case of death of the woman or child, payment is restricted accordingly.
A woman legally adopting a child below 3 months of age or a commissioning mother is entitled to 12 weeks’ maternity benefit from the date the child is handed over.
If the nature of work permits, the employer may allow a woman to work from home after availing maternity benefit, on mutually agreed conditions.
Maternity benefit must be paid: (a) in advance for the period preceding expected delivery, and (b) within 48 hours of proof for the period after delivery.
Establishments with 50 or more employees must provide a crèche facility within prescribed distance, either separately or along with common facilities. The woman is allowed four visits daily to the crèche, including rest intervals.
Discharge or dismissal of a woman during pregnancy shall not deprive her of maternity benefit or medical bonus if otherwise entitled.
No deduction shall be made from a woman’s normal daily wages for breaks allowed for nursing her child or for being assigned light work as per Section 4(3).
If a woman works in any establishment during the period for which she is permitted to be absent, she shall forfeit maternity benefit for that period.
An abstract of the Act and Rules must be displayed in a conspicuous place in the local language in every establishment where women are employed.
Every employer must prepare and maintain prescribed registers, records, and muster rolls.
A woman entitled to maternity benefit under the Act shall continue to receive it even if the ESI Act applies, until she qualifies for maternity benefit under Section 50 of the ESI Act.
A woman employed in a factory/establishment covered under ESI, earning above the wage ceiling for ESI maternity benefits but fulfilling conditions under Section 5(2), shall be entitled to maternity benefit under this Act.
Penalties & Punishments
If any employer contravenes the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder he shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both; and where the contravention is of any provision regarding maternity benefit or regarding payment of any other amount and such maternity benefit or amount has not already been recovered, the court shall in addition recover such maternity benefit or amount as if it were a fine, and pay the same to the person entitled thereto.
Conclusion:
The combined effect of the Act and the Gujarat Maternity Benefit Rules is to ensure that women employees are treated with fairness and dignity during maternity. They guarantee maternity leave with pay, additional benefits in cases of miscarriage or medical termination, nursing breaks, crèche facilities, and protection against dismissal. For employers, the Rules make compliance practical by prescribing clear procedures and record-keeping requirements. This legal framework promotes safe motherhood, social justice, and gender equality in the workplace.
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