GST Provisions for Goods sent to Job Worker

1. Introduction

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) framework permits a registered principal (manufacturer or supplier) to send inputs and capital goods to a job worker without immediate payment of tax. The concept of “job work” enables outsourcing of processes such as treatment, processing, assembly, or any other activity on goods belonging to the principal. To ensure smooth tax compliance and avoid revenue leakage, GST law prescribes conditions, timelines, documentation, and reporting obligations related to such transactions.

Section 2(68) of the CGST Act, 2017 defines job work as ‘any treatment or process undertaken by a person on goods belonging to another registered person. The one who does the said job would be termed as ‘job worker’. The ownership of the goods does not transfer to the job worker but it rests with the principal. The job worker is required to carry out the process specified by the principal, on the goods.

2. Legal References

  • Section 143, CGST Act, 2017 – Governs job work procedures.
  • Rule 45, CGST Rules, 2017 – Prescribes conditions, challan requirements, ITC-04 return, and timelines.
  • Section 19, CGST Act, 2017 – Input Tax Credit (ITC) eligibility for principal in respect of goods sent to job worker.
  • Relevant Notifications/Circulars – CBIC Circulars clarifying movement of goods, responsibility of principal, and reporting requirements.

3. Procedure

a. Sending Goods to Job Worker

  1. Inputs and/or capital goods may be sent by principal without payment of GST.
  2. Goods may be sent:
    • Directly from principal’s premises to job worker, or
    • From supplier’s premises to job worker on instruction of principal.
  3. Goods must be accompanied by a challan (Rule 45).
  4. The principal can avail ITC on inputs/capital goods sent to job worker, even if sent directly.

b. Time Limits for Return of Goods

  • Inputs: Must be received back within 1 year of being sent.

If the inputs sent for job work are not returned to the principal, or not supplied from the job worker’s premises as allowed under Section 143(1)(a) or (b), within one year from the date they were sent, it will be considered that the principal has supplied those inputs to the job worker on the date they were originally sent.

Note: If the inputs were sent directly to the job worker (without first coming to the principal), the one-year period will be counted from the date the job worker received the inputs

  • Capital goods: Must be received back within 3 years of being sent.

If capital goods sent for job work are not returned to the principal within three years from the date they were sent, it will be treated as if the principal has supplied those capital goods to the job worker on the date of dispatch.

Note: If the capital goods were sent directly to the job worker, the three-year period will be counted from the date the job worker received them.

c. Waste and Scrap

  • If generated at job worker’s premises, it can be supplied:
    • By job worker on payment of tax (if registered), or
    • By principal (if job worker is not registered).

d. Direct Supply from Job Worker Premises

  • Goods can be supplied directly from job worker’s premises, subject to:
    • Job worker being registered under GST, or
    • Job worker’s premises being declared as additional place of business of principal.

4. Forms

  • GST Challan (Rule 45) – Mandatory for sending goods to job worker.
  • Details to be mentioned in Delivery Challan (Rule 55 of CGST Rules):

(i) Date and number of the delivery challan;

(ii) name, address and Goods and Services Tax Identification Number of the consigner, if registered;

(iii) name, address and Goods and Services Tax Identification Number or Unique Identity Number of the consignee, if registered;

(iv) Harmonised System of Nomenclature code and description of goods;

(v) Quantity (provisional, where the exact quantity being supplied is not known);

(vi) taxable value;

(vii) Tax rate and tax amount – central tax, State tax, integrated tax, Union territory tax or cess , where the transportation is for supply to the consignee;

(viii) Place of supply, in case of inter-State movement; and

(ix) Signature.

5. Delivery Challan (Rule 45 of CGST Rules):

  • Issued by the principal when goods are first sent to the job worker.
  • A new delivery challan is also required when goods are returned.
  • Form GST ITC-04 – Quarterly return to be filed by the principal furnishing details of:
    • Goods sent to job workers,
    • Goods received back,
    • Goods supplied from job worker’s premises,
    • Goods not returned within prescribed timelines.

6. Returns

  • Form ITC-04:
    • Filed by principal on quarterly basis (Rule 45(3)).
    • Due date: As follows:

Aggregate Turnover in the preceding financial year

Filing Frequency

Periods / Deadlines

More than ₹ 5 Crore

Half-yearly

For April-September → due by 25th October
For October-March → due by 25th April

Up to ₹ 5 Crore

Annually

Due by 25th April following the end of the financial year

 

  • Captures complete details of goods movement between principal and job worker.
  • GSTR-1 & GSTR-3B:
  • If goods are supplied directly from job worker’s premises, such outward supplies must be reported in principal’s returns (unless job worker is registered and supplying on his own account).

7. Penalties for Non-Compliance in Return of Goods from Job Worker

  • If the goods are not returned within the time period then ITC will be recovered from the principal manufacturer.
  • General Penalty: Section 125 of the CGST Act, 2017 provides that any person who contravenes the provisions of the Act or the rules made thereunder, for which no separate penalty has been specified, shall be liable to pay a penalty of up to INR 25,000.

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